Estudio longitudinal: Capacidad de mentalización en estudiantes de Psicología de la Universidad del Salvador (USAL) y su relación con la soledad durante y después de la cuarentena por COVID-19

Mentalization capacity in Psychology students at the University of Salvador (USAL) and its relationship with loneliness during and after the COVID-19 quarantine

Autores/as

Palabras clave:

mentalización, soledad, cuarentena, covid-19, estudiantes

Resumen

La mentalización es la capacidad de imaginar, percibir e interpretar los sentimientos, deseos e intenciones tanto de uno mismo como de los demás. La soledad, por su parte, es la percepción subjetiva de estar solo y produce tristeza. Durante la pandemia de COVID-19, la soledad fue uno de los principales factores causantes de problemas de salud mental, como la depresión, la ansiedad y otras sintomatologías. Este estudio exploró la relación entre la capacidad de mentalización y la soledad en estudiantes de primero, tercero y quinto año de la carrera de Psicología durante y después de la cuarentena. Se evaluaron 93 alumnos en 2020, 94 en 2021 y 105 en 2022, utilizando un diseño no experimental correlacional y longitudinal de tendencia. Las encuestas autoadministradas incluyeron las escalas MentS (Dimitrijevićet al., 2018) yMZQ (Hausberg et al., 2012) para evaluar la capacidad de mentalización, y el TILS (Hughes et al., 2004) para medir los sentimientos de soledad. Los resultados revelaron que no hubo diferencias significativas en la capacidad de mentalización ni en la experiencia de soledad durante y después de la cuarentena. Sin embargo, al comparar los años académicos, se observaron diferencias entre primero y quinto año, con niveles más altos de mentalización en quinto año, excepto en la dimensión de motivación. La escala de soledad mostró puntuaciones más bajas en quinto año, especialmente en el ítem “sentirse aislado”. Se encontraron correlaciones negativas y significativas entre la capacidad de mentalización y la experiencia de soledad. Estos hallazgos sugieren que, aunque la capacidad de mentalizar es estable a lo largo del tiempo, puede verse afectada durante los años de carrera académica. La relación inversa con la soledad resalta la importancia de la mentalización para abordar los desafíos emocionales en contextos educativos, particularmente en los primeros años, cuando los alumnos aún no han conformado grupos de pertenencia en dichos ámbitos.

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2025-03-13

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Rodríguez Quiroga, A. ., Aufenacker, . S. I., Botero, C., Crawley, A. ., & Bongiardino, L. (2025). Estudio longitudinal: Capacidad de mentalización en estudiantes de Psicología de la Universidad del Salvador (USAL) y su relación con la soledad durante y después de la cuarentena por COVID-19: Mentalization capacity in Psychology students at the University of Salvador (USAL) and its relationship with loneliness during and after the COVID-19 quarantine. Revista De Psicología Y Psicopedagogía, (9), 3–12. Recuperado a partir de https://p3.usal.edu.ar/index.php/psicol/article/view/7242

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